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Ancient Chinese states
Ancient Chinese States () were typified by variously sized city states and territories that existed in China prior to its unification by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BCE. In many cases these were vassal states characterized by tribute paid to the ruling Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE).〔 p. 61〕 Such states and fiefdoms would again emerge during later dynasties as a political expedient when required.
==Background and introduction==
According to the sinocentric viewpoint and the Mandate of Heaven, China was the center of the world and the incumbent emperor its only ruler; all other would-be potentates and rulers were merely vassals of the Middle Kingdom. As a result, from the earliest times the Chinese viewed the world as a series of concentric spheres of influence emanating outward from their capital. Within the closest circle lay the vassal states who pledged allegiance to the Zhou ruler. Apart from Zhou itself which occupied territory around its capital, each state bore the suffix ''-guó'' (/) meaning state or nation. Of the 150 or so states,〔Loewe and Shaughnessy, 'The Cambridge History of Ancient China',1999, page 567〕 some were little more than a small fortified town or city while others possessed a capital as well as other urban areas and controlled significant amounts of territory.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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